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Anthropological trajectory, theoretical and ethnographic issues

Public Lecture

Orient-Institut Beirut

Tuesday, 25. April 2023, 19:00-21:00

25
April

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مسار أنثروبولوجي، قضايا نظرية وإثنوغرافية
حسن رشيق

أنثروبولوجي،جامعة محمد السادس متعددة التخصصات، الرباط


في أوائل الثمانينيات ، وأنا على عتبة مساري كباحث، كان، باسم الموضوعية،  الحديث عن الذات أمرًا غير لائق ولا علمي. منذ التسعينيات، أصبح من الطبيعي تقريبًا أن يُدرج الباحث نفسه في نصه؛ حتى أن استخدام "لأنا"  كاد أن يتحول إلى طقس إلزامي. تم التخلي عن دوغماتية الموضوعانية للاندفاع نحو دوغماتية أخرى جعلت من الالتزام، "مرض اليوميات" والعرض النرجسي عقيدة الباحث ما بعد الحداثي. عندما أكتب عن مساري، فأنا الذات والموضوع في نفس الآن. لكن هذا لا يعني أنني بصدد مقابلة أو مواجهة مباشرة مع نفسي. لقد استعملت نوعين من الوساطة لخلق مسافة مع ذاتي. الأولى امبريقية. فتجربتي كباحث خلفت آثارًا وأرشيفات:  دفاتري الميدانية، مقابلاتي المسجلة مع مخبرين، ملخصات قراآتي النظرية، منشوراتي ... الوساطة الثانية هي نظرية حيث طبقت على مساري نفس المنهج الذي استعملته في دراساتي حول اعمال أسلافي وزملائي، والذي لخصته في مفهوم الوضعية الإثنوغرافية

 
الأنا" الذي استعملت لوصف مساري ليس مجردا بل هو محدد في الزمان،  متغير: رشيق المبتدئ ، المتعلم، المشبع بالتحليل البنياني، ثم بنظريات الفعل الجماعي والإثنوغرافيا المجهرية، رشيق الباحث، المستشار، إلخ. حاولت أيضا أن أموقع "الأنا"  في سياقات و شبكات متالية من العلاقات الأكاديمية


من أين أبدأ قصة مساري؟ سأقتصر على الفترة التي سبقت وضعيتي كباحث شاب موضحا آثار قراآتي الماركسية ونشاطي في ناد سينمائي  ودراستي الجامعية  على اختياري مهنة الباحث، وكذلك تحولي من الدراسات القانونية إلى السوسيولوجيا والأنثروبولوجيا. مسار الباحث مليء بشكل أساسي بالأسئلة والقضايا النظرية. أقترح ثلاث أسئلة تتعلق بفكرة نزع الطابع الإستعماري عن الأنثروبولوجيا، والمقتربات الشمولية للمجتمع المغربي، ووضعيتي  كأنثروبولوجي في بلده. أخيرًا سأتحدث عن العمل الميداني الذي احتل مكانة مركزية في مساري. سأقتصر على إثارة سؤالين متعلقين، على التوالي، بالكتابة وروح الميدان


أود أن أؤكد بشدة أن الأمر لا يتعلق فقط بإعادة سرد تجربتي، ولكن أيضًا لبلوغ درجة من التجريد تتيح المقارنة مع تجارب أخرى
 

Live streaming link:
https://maxweberstiftung-oi-beirut.webex.com/maxweberstiftung-oi-beirut/j.php?MTID=m386bb9aca5e13e0a339d4511f7dc057c


Anthropologist, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Rabat

Abstract:
In the early 1980s, on the threshold of my path as a scholar, speaking about oneself was considered inappropriate and unscientific, since it contradicted the requirements of objectivity. From the 1990s onward, it has become almost normal for a researcher to include himself in the text; the use of “I” has almost become a mandatory ritual. The dogmatism of objectivism was abandoned in favor of another dogmatism that made commitment, the “disease of the diary,” and narcissistic presentation the dogma of the postmodern scholar. When writing about my path as a scholar, I am subject and object at the same time; yet this does not mean that I am in a process of direct confrontation with myself. To create a distance to myself, I used two types of mediation. The first is empirical. My experience as a researcher left traces and archives: my field notebooks, my recorded interviews with informants, summaries of my theoretical readings, my publications, etc. The second mediation is theoretical; in analyzing my path I applied the same method that I used in my studies of the work of my predecessors and colleagues, which I summarized in the concept of ethnographic positivism.

The “I” that I used to describe my path is not abstract but rather time-bound, variable: the agile novice, the learner, imbued with structural analysis, then with theories of collective action and microscopic ethnography, the agile researcher, counselor, etc. I also tried to locate the “I” in a series of contexts and networks of academic relationships. Where do I start my path story? I will confine myself to the period before acquiring a position as a young researcher, explaining the effects of my Marxist readings, my activity in a movie club, and my university studies on my choice of the research profession, as well as my shift from legal studies to sociology and anthropology. The path of the researcher is mainly filled with theoretical questions and issues. I propose three questions related to the idea of decolonizing anthropology, the totalitarian approaches to Moroccan society, and my status as an anthropologist in his own country. Finally, I will talk about fieldwork, which occupied a central place in my path. I will confine myself to raising two questions relating, respectively, to writing and the spirit of the field. I would very much like to stress that it is not only about recounting my experience, but also about achieving a degree of abstraction that allows comparison with other experiences.


Bio:
Hassan Rachik, anthropologist, Professor at the Mohamed VI Polytechnic University in Rabat, at Hassan II University in Casablanca (1982-2021), Visiting Professor in American, European and Arab universities. He devoted his first field research to the interpretation of sacrificial rituals (1990, 1992) and to the explanation of social changes in rural areas (2000, 2019). He has studied the uses of nationalist, Amazigh and Islamist ideologies, the processes of ideologization of religion and secularization (2003, 2006, 2016). Inspired by the sociology of knowledge, he studied colonial and postcolonial anthropological knowledge (2012, 2021).

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