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النظرية النقدية لمدرسة فرانكفورت

Others

تأليف: زكي عبد المجيد زكي
تحقیق و تقدیم: حجّاج أبو جبر


تعود النظرية النقدية التي طوّرها روّاد مدرسة فرانكفورت إلى عام 1923 عندما تأسّس معهد البحث الاجتماعي في فرانكفورت بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى. وقد سعى مؤسّسو المعهد وأعضاؤه إلى معرفة الحياة الاجتماعية وفهمها، وكشف التناقض بين وفرة الموارد والحجم الهائل للبؤس والشقاء، وبين الإمكانات التكنولوجية والانتشار الواسع للاستغلال والدمار، وبين الحرية المفترضة للإنسان والنزعة السلطوية السائدة، وبين التبادل الحرّ والظلم الاجتماعي، وبين الاقتصاد الحرّ والاحتكار، وبين عالم الإنسان وعالم رأس المال، وبين استقلال الفنّ وتسليعه وتشييئه، وبين الدور التنويري والتحرُّري المفترض لصناعة الثقافة وتزييفها للوعي وقمعها للاختلاف. وهكذا اهتمّ أعضاء المدرسة بالتأطير النظري للأشكال الجديدة من رأسمالية الدولة الاحتكارية والصناعة الثقافية والشخصية التسلّطية وأنماط السيطرة الاجتماعية القمعية، وذلك في إطار النقد الاجتماعي الذي يهدف إلى التغيير الجذري الشامل


The critical theory developed by the pioneers of the Frankfurt School dates back to 1923 when the Institute for Social Research was founded in Frankfurt after the First World War. The founders and members of the institute sought to know and understand social life, and to uncover the contradictions between the abundance of resources and the enormous size of misery and suffering, between technological capabilities and the widespread of exploitation and destruction, between the supposed freedom of the human being and the prevailing authoritarian tendencies, between free exchange and social injustice, between free economy and monopoly, between the world of Man and the world of capital, between the independence of art and its commodification and objectification, and between the enlightening and emancipatory role that culture is supposed to create and its actual falsification of consciousness and suppression of difference. Thus, members of the school were interested in theorizing the new forms of monopolistic state capitalism, the cultural industry, the authoritarian personality, and the oppressive patterns of social control, within the framework of social criticism that aims at radical and comprehensive change.

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